{"id":5426,"date":"2011-07-14T20:26:26","date_gmt":"2011-07-14T20:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/crashtext.org\/misc\/5426.htm\/"},"modified":"2011-10-02T19:31:26","modified_gmt":"2011-10-02T19:31:26","slug":"venomous-animal-injuries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/crashingpatient.com\/toxicology\/venomous-animal-injuries.htm\/","title":{"rendered":"Venomous Animal Injuries"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Five Types of Snakes throughout the World<\/strong><\/p>\n 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Colubridae Rear Fixed fangs African boomslang is the only truly dangerous one<\/p>\n 2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elapidae front fixed fangs the poisonous family<\/p>\n 3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hydrophidae Sea Snakes front, fixed fangs Paralysis and myonecrosis<\/p>\n 4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Atractaspididae front, mobile fangs<\/p>\n 5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Viperidae front, mobile fangs Pit Vipers and True Vipers<\/p>\n <\/p>\n CBC, PT\/PTT, Fibrin Splits, Fibrinogen, T+C 4 units<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Copperhead-often do not need to be treated<\/p>\n Timber Rattlesnake-rocky bluffs or ridges, Cause PLT destruction<\/p>\n Eastern Diamondback-most dangerous in US, don\u0092t retreat from humans<\/p>\n Western Diamondback-also will attack humans<\/p>\n Cottonmouth-swims and crawls<\/p>\n Eastern Coral-red on yellow kills a fellow, neurotoxic.\u00a0 Has to chew instead of inject venom<\/p>\n <\/p>\n 4 Rows of scratches=non-venomous snake<\/p>\n Pseudosnake bite-self-inflicted puncture wounds to get pain meds<\/p>\n Typical snake bite victim:\u00a0 99% men, 99% white, 40% with tattoo on L forearm<\/p>\n Venom injected SC not IM<\/p>\n snake bite extractors do not work (Annals EM February 2004 \u0095 Volume 43 \u0095 Number 2)<\/strong><\/p>\n Crotalinae of viperidae family:\u00a0 Rattlesnakes, sidewinders, diamondbacks<\/p>\n Agkistrodon:\u00a0 copperheads and cottonmouths<\/p>\n Pit between eye and nostril<\/p>\n Bite is immediately painful<\/p>\n Toxin disrupts coagulation path leading to DIC, shock, and NCPE<\/p>\n Paresthesias, muscle fasiculations, weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, renal failure<\/p>\n Antivenin for patients with moderate or severe envenomation<\/p>\n best if administered within 6 hrs of bite.<\/p>\n 6 vials to start, if initial control, give 2 vials at 6, 12, and 18 hours<\/p>\n If no control (systemic effects, Lab abnormalities, Spread of Local Swelling), give additional 6 vials and repeat until control.\u00a0 Starts to work in 1-2 hours, no pretreatment needed.\u00a0 Antibiotics only if signs of infection.\u00a0 Same crofag dose in peds.<\/p>\n Contraindicated if allergic to papayas.<\/p>\n $800 per vial<\/p>\n timber rattler not included in the antivenin, ? of cross reactivity<\/p>\n test dose has 10% rate of false positive and false negative.\u00a0 Can cause anaphylaxis, most will get serum sickness.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Necrosis, hemolysis, PLT destruction, edema, dry gangrene, early Hypotension (bradykinin), shock, and bleeding diatheses<\/p>\n Eastern and Sonoran coral snakes<\/p>\n Red next to yellow kills a fellow, Red next to black, venom lack. (Only here does the rhyme apply, not Africa)<\/p>\n Block neuromuscular transmission. Ptosis, diplopia, dysphagia, paresthesias and paralysis.<\/p>\n Antivenin for eastern coral, recommended to give before symptoms, as symptoms can be delayed and severe<\/p>\n Never discharge secondary to late morbidity<\/p>\n Neurotoxin, can cause paralysis<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n If bitten on finger, swelling to the midpalm is minor, the wrist moderate, above is severe<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Acute compartment syndrome-muscle injuries not necessarily associated with compartment pressures, so do not perform empirically<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Finger dermotomy is recommended.\u00a0 Call hand surgeon.<\/p>\n Gila monster and Mexican beaded lizard<\/p>\n Bees, wasps, hornets-remove stinger c back of scalpel blade<\/p>\n<\/span>Pit Vipers<\/span><\/h3>\n
CroFab<\/h4>\n
<\/span>Coral Snakes<\/span><\/h3>\n
<\/span>Lizards<\/span><\/h2>\n
<\/span>Hymenoptera<\/span><\/h2>\n