Head Injuries<\/p>\n
Low DVT Risk<\/p>\n
(GCS>13 and patient ambulates within 24 hours)<\/p>\n
High DVT Risk<\/p>\n
(GCS<13)<\/p>\n
Low Bleeding Risk<\/p>\n
(No blood on CT\/No Crani)<\/p>\n
SCDS SCDS and Immediate LMH High Bleeding Risk<\/p>\n
(Any blood or post crani)<\/p>\n
SCDS SCDs and LMH 72 hrs after admission or crani<\/p>\n
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vasopressors decrease effectiveness of subcut LMWH (Lancet 2002;359:849)<\/p>\n
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TI – A comparison of recombinant hirudin with a low-molecular-weight heparin to prevent thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement. AU – Eriksson BI; Wille-Jorgensen P; Kalebo P; Mouret P; Rosencher N; Bosch P; Baur M; Ekman S; Bach D; Lindbratt S; Close P SO – N Engl J Med 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1329-35. BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo total hip replacement have a high risk of thromboembolic complications. Recombinant hirudin (desirudin), a specific inhibitor of thrombin, represents a new development in antithrombotic therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of desirudin with those of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) for the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing primary total hip replacement. METHODS: Both treatments, which were assigned in a randomized, double-blind manner, were started preoperatively: enoxaparin on the evening before surgery, and desirudin within 30 minutes before the start of surgery. The dose of desirudin was 15 mg subcutaneously twice daily, and the dose of enoxaparin was 40 mg subcutaneously once daily. The duration of treatment was 8 to 12 days. Deep-vein thrombosis was verified by bilateral venography performed at the end of the treatment period or earlier, if there were clinical signs of deep-vein thrombosis. RESULTS: At 31 centers in 10 European countries, 2079 eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive desirudin or enoxaparin. A total of 1587 patients were included in the primary analysis of efficacy. In the desirudin group, as compared with the enoxaparin group, there was a significantly lower rate of proximal deep-vein thrombosis (4.5 vs. 7.5 percent, P=0.01; relative reduction in risk, 40.3 percent) and a lower overall rate of deep-vein thrombosis (18.4 vs. 25.5 percent, P=0.001; relative reduction in risk, 28.0 percent). The safety profiles were similar in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: When administered 30 minutes before total hip replacement surgery, desirudin is more effective than enoxaparin in preventing deep-vein thrombosis.<\/p>\n
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TI – A comparison of low-dose heparin with low-molecular-weight heparin as prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism after major trauma. AU – Geerts WH; Jay RM; Code KI; Chen E; Szalai JP; Saibil EA; Hamilton PA SO – N Engl J Med 1996 Sep 5;335(10):701-7. BACKGROUND: Patients who have had major trauma are at very high risk for venous thromboembolism if they do not receive thromboprophylaxis. We compared low-dose heparin and a low-molecular-weight heparin with regard to efficacy and safety in a randomized clinical trial in patients with trauma. METHODS: Consecutive adult patients admitted to a trauma center who had Injury Severity Scores of at least 9 and no intracranial bleeding were randomly assigned to heparin (5000 units) or enoxaprin (30 mg), each given subcutaneously every 12 hours in a double-blind manner, beginning within 36 hours after the injury. The primary outcome was deep-vein thrombosis as assessed by contrast venography performed on or before day 14 after randomization. RESULTS: Among 344 randomized patients, 136 who received low-dose heparin and 129 who received enoxaparin had venograms adequate for analysis. Sixty patients given heparin (44 percent) and 40 patients given enoxaparin (31 percent) had deep-vein thrombosis (P=0.014). The rates of proximal-vein thrombosis were 15 percent and 6 percent, respectively (P=0.012). The reductions in risk with enoxaparin as compared with heparin were 30 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 4 to 50 percent) for all deep-vein thrombosis and 58 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 12 to 87 percent) for proximal-vein thrombosis. Only six patients (1.7 percent) had major bleeding (one in the heparin group and five in the enoxaparin group, P=0.12). Conclusions: Low-molecular-weight heparin was more effective than low-dose heparin in preventing venous thromboembolism after major trauma. Both interventions were safe.<\/p>\n
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