[HD Cath Review](HD%20Caths.pdf)
### Short-Term (Untunneled) Catheters
300-400 ml/minute without pressure
### Tunneled Catheters
A tunneled HD-CVC is different in several aspects compared with a nontunneled HD-CVC. First, a tunneled HD-CVC has a Dacron cuff that wraps around the tubing, allowing tissue integration to anchor the catheter inside the tunnel in 4 to 6 weeks and protect against pericatheter bacterial entry into the bloodstream. (Sohail et al.)
Softer so potentially less vessel perf
Higher flows, b/c they are larger
### Length
nontunneled internal jugular HD-CVCs is considered to be the caudal superior vena cava or pericavoatrial junction,1 and catheters approximately 15 cm in length are deemed appropriate
for right-sided catheters
LIJ is probably best suited to at least a 20 cm line
The longer the better for femoral placements
### Site
R IJ is preferred site
Subclavian is associated with higher risk of thrombosis [10.1093/ndt/6.10.722]
Femoral works better if actually in the IVC
### Can you place 2 caths in the same Vein?
vein in the intensive care
setting: is it safe? J Vasc Access. 2021;22:359–363. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1129729820938209.
REVIEW MA Sohail et al.: Central Hemodialysis Catheters
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